dāu-, dǝu-, dū̆ -

    dāu-, dǝu-, dū̆ -

    English meaning: to burn

    Deutsche Übersetzung: 1. “brennen”, 2. “verletzen, quälen, vernichten, feindselig”

    Note: uncertainly, whether in both meaning originally identical (possibly partly as “ burning pain “, partly “ destroy by fire, burn down hostile settlements “?)

    Material: O.Ind. dunṓ ti “burns (trans), afflicts”, dūná - “burnt, afflicted “, pass. dūyatē “burns” (intr.), kaus. düvayati “burns” (trans), düvá -ḥ (with ablaut change davü-ḥ) “blaze”, dū f. “affliction, pain”, doman- “blaze, agony” (-ǝu- as in δεδαυμένος);

    Note: O.Ind. and Alb. prove that Root düu-, dǝu-, dū̆ - : “to burn” derived from Root dheu-4, dheu̯ǝ- (presumably: dhu̯ē-, compare the extension dhu̯ē-k-, dhu̯ē̆-s-) : “to reel, dissipate, blow, *smoke etc.”. Arm. erkn (to δύη) “throes of childbirth”;

    Note: common Balt-Illyr. d- > zero phonetic mutation reflected in Arm. Gk. δαίω (*δᾰF-ι̯ω) ‘set on fire, inflame”, perf. δέδηε “be in flames, be on fire” (: O.Ind. dudüva ), participle δεδαυμένος (δαῦσαι ἐκκαῦσαι Hes., ἐκδαβῆ ἐκκαυθῆ Λάκωνες Hes.), δάος n., δαΐς, -ίδος f. “torch” (to ᾳ: von Att. δᾱͅς, δᾱͅδός s. Schwyzer Gk. I 266), δᾱνός “ easily ignitable = to dry” (*δαεινός from *δαFεσ-νός), δᾱλός “ burning piece of wood” (*δαFελός = lakon. δαβελός); δήιος “hostile”, Dor. (Trag.) δᾱΐος, δᾳος “afflicted, woeful, wretched, miserable”; Hom. δηΐοω ‘slay, kill, murder” (Att. δῃόω “ds., devastate”), δηιοτής, - τῆτος “tumult of war, fight, struggle”, Hom. δᾰΐ loc. “in the battle” (to nom. *δαῦς, IE *düus Schwyzer Gk. I 578), δαι-κτάμενος “ killed in the fight”; probably δύη “affliction”, δυόωσι “fall in the misfortune” (ἀνθρώπους, Od.), δυερός “ unlucky “. About ὀδύνη (mostly pl.), Eol. ἐδύνας acc. pl. “pain”, ὀδυνᾶν “ cause pain, afflict, sadden” see under ed- “eat”; perhaps here δαῦκος ὁ θρασύς (‘stormy, hot tempered”) Hes. Alb. dhunë (*dus-n-) “affliction, pain, force, violence, horrible action; disgrace, insult” (dhunon “revile, violate”; dhun “bitter”, originally “unpleasant”? or as sl. gorьkъ “bitter”: gorěti “burn”?) with *du-s- (presumably as zero grade of -es- stem = or as Gk. δά(F)ος); Tosc derë “bitter” (*deu-no-); Lat. presumably duellum, bellum “war, fight” (WH. I 100 f.), with unclear suffix.

    Note: common Lat. dw- > b- phonetic mutation O.Ir. dōīm ‘singe, burn” (about O.Ir. dōīm “get, exert” see under deu̯(ǝ)-), Verbalnom. dōud = O.Ind. davathu-ḥ “blaze, fire “; atūd “kindle, inflame” from *ad-douth, Welsh cynneu “kindle, inflame” under likewise, also Bret. devi, Welsh deifio “burn” (with v from w before i̯ ) here (Thurneysen KZ. 61, 253, Loth RC. 42, 58); O.Ir. gen. condid, M.Ir. connad, condud “firewood”, Welsh cynnud “ firing”, Corn. kunys, Bret. keuneud “firewood” (Pedersen KG. I 108, II 39, basic form perhaps*kom-dauto-); Welsh etewyn “ firebrand “ (*ate-dau̯-ino-), Bret. collective eteo ds. O.H.G. zuscen “burn”; after φρύ̄νη : braun here also O.E. tosca “frog”, Swe. dial. tosk ds.; perhaps (with *eu, see under) O.N. tjōn n. “damage, wrong; injustice, derision, ridicule”, O.E. tēona m., tēone f. “damage”, O.S. tiono “evil, harm, wrong; injustice, enmity”, whereof O.N. tȳna “destroy, lose”, O.E. tīenan “plague, anger, slander”, O.S. gitiunean “ act wrong against somebody “.*

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    *) In spite of Osthoff IA. 1, 82 has kept away the family of Ger. zũnden , Goth. tundnan “is ignited”, tandjan “ignite, set on fire”, M.H.G. zinden, because of that i and a would not be probably first ablaut neologism in u; after Thurneysen IA. 83, 32 as t-andjan to O.Ir. ad-and- “kindle, inflame”.

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    Berneker IF. 10, 158 places here also Lith. džiá uti “ place down in order to dry “, Ltv. žaut “dry, burn incense, smoke “ as *dēu-ti, as also Alb. and Gmc. eu- forms can contain IE ēu; the relationship of this *dēu- to *düu- is unclear; or to di̯eu- ‘sky, heaven”?

    References: WP. I 767 ff., WH. I 100 f.